详解MongoDB复制集-创新互联
何为复制集?
成都创新互联公司主营垦利网站建设的网络公司,主营网站建设方案,APP应用开发,垦利h5微信平台小程序开发搭建,垦利网站营销推广欢迎垦利等地区企业咨询复制集是额外的数据副本,是跨多个服务器同步数据的过程,复制集提供了冗余并增加了数据可用性,通过复制集可以对硬件故障和中断的服务进行恢复。
复制集主从同步的原理和mysql类似,主节点记录在其上的所有操作到oplog中,从节点定期轮询主节点获取这些操作,然后对自己的数据副本执行这些操作,从而保证从节点的数据与主节点一致。
复制集的优势如下:
(1)让数据更安全
(2)高数据可用性(24*7)
(3)灾难恢复
(4)无停机维护(如备份、索引重建、故障转移)
(5)读缩放(额外的副本读取)
(6)副本集对应用程序是透明。
MongoDB复制集结构原理图分析
.mongodb的复制集至少需要两个节点。其中一个是主节点(Primary),负责处理客户端请求,其余的都是从节点(Secondary),负责复制主节点上的数据。
mongodb各个节点常见的搭配方式为:一主一从或一主多从。
客户端在主节点写入数据,在从节点读取数据,主节点与从节点进行数据交互,保障数据的一致性。如果其中一个节点出现故障,其他节点马上会将业务接过来而无需停机操作
复制集的特点:
1.N 个节点的集群
2.任何节点可作为主节点
3.所有写入操作都在主节点上
4.自动故障转移
5.自动恢复
MongoDB复制集部署
在一台CentOS7主机上使用yum在线安装Mongodb,并创建多实例,进行部署MongoDB复制集
首先配置网络YUM源,baseurl(下载路径)指定为mongodb官网提供的yum仓库
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo
[mongodb-org]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.6/x86_64/ #指定获得下载的路径
gpgcheck=1 #表示对从这个源下载的rpm包进行校验
enabled=1 #表示启用这个源。
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.6.asc
重新加载yum源,并使用yum命令下载安装mongodb
yum list
yum -y install mongodb-org
准备4个实例,暂时开启3个, 1主2从 再额外添加群集(追加实例)也可以撤销实例
创建数据文件和日志文件存储路径,并赋予权限
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mongodb{2,3,4}
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/logs
[root@localhost ~]# touch /data/logs/mongodb{2,3,4}.log
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /data/logs/mongodb*
[root@localhost ~]# ll /data/logs/
总用量 0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 9月 15 22:31 mongodb2.log
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 9月 15 22:31 mongodb3.log
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 9月 15 22:31 mongodb4.log
编辑4个MongoDB实例的配置文件
先编辑yum安装的默认实例的配置文件/etc/mongod.conf,指定监听IP,端口默认为27017,开启replication参数配置,replSetName:true(自定义)
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf
# mongod.conf
# for documentation of all options, see:
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/configuration-options/# where to write logging data.
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log# Where and how to store data.
storage:
dbPath: /var/lib/mongo
journal:
enabled: true
# engine:
# mmapv1:
# wiredTiger:# how the process runs
processManagement:
fork: true # fork and run in background
pidFilePath: /var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid # location of pidfile
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo# network interfaces
net:port: 27017 #默认端口
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 #监听任意地址#security:
#operationProfiling:
replication: #去掉前面的“#”注释,开启该参数设置
replSetName: true #设置复制集名称
复制配置文件给其他实例,并将mongodb2.conf 中的port参数配置为27018,mongod3.conf中的port参数配置为27019,mongod4.conf中的port参数配置为27020。 同样也将dbpath和logpath参数修改为对应的路径值
cp /etc/mongod.conf /etc/mongod2.conf
cp /etc/mongod2.conf /etc/mongod3.conf
cp /etc/mongod2.conf /etc/mongod4.conf
实例2的配置文件mongodb2.conf 修改
vim /etc/mongod2.conf
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /data/logs/mongodb2.log
storage:
dbPath: /data/mongodb/mongodb2
journal:
enabled: true
port: 27018
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 # Listen to local interface only, comment to listen on all interfaces.
#security:
#operationProfiling:
replication:
replSetName: true
实例3的配置文件mongodb3.conf 修改
vim /etc/mongod3.conf
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /data/logs/mongodb3.log
storage:
dbPath: /data/mongodb/mongodb3
journal:
enabled: true
port: 27019
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 # Listen to local interface only, comment to listen on all interfaces.
#security:
#operationProfiling:
replication:
replSetName: true
实例4的配置文件mongodb4.conf 修改
vim /etc/mongod4.conf
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /data/logs/mongodb4.log
storage:
dbPath: /data/mongodb/mongodb4
journal:
enabled: true
port: 27020
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 # Listen to local interface only, comment to listen on all interfaces.
#security:
#operationProfiling:
replication:
replSetName: true
启动mongodb各实例
[root@localhost ~]# mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 93576
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost ~]# mongod -f /etc/mongod2.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 93608
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost ~]# mongod -f /etc/mongod3.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 93636
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost ~]# mongod -f /etc/mongod4.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 93664
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antp | grep mongod //查看mongodb进程状态
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 93636/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 93664/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 93576/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 93608/mongod
配置三个节点的复制集
[root@localhost ~]# mongo //进入其中一个实例
MongoDB shell version v3.6.7
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.6.7> rs.status() //查看复制集状态,提示复制集还未配置
{
"info" : "run rs.initiate(...) if not yet done for the set",
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "no replset config has been received",
"code" : 94,
"codeName" : "NotYetInitialized",
"operationTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}> cfg={"_id":"true","members":[{"_id":0,"host":"192.168.195.137:27017"},{"_id":1,"host":"192.168.195.137:27018"},{"_id":2,"host":"192.168.195.137:27019"}]} // 定义cfg初始化参数
{
"_id" : "true",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.195.137:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.195.137:27018"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.195.137:27019"
}
]
}> rs.initiate(cfg) //初始化并启动复制集
{"ok" : 1}
true:PRIMARY> rs.status() //再次查看复制集的状态信息
{
"set" : "true",
"date" : ISODate("2018-09-15T15:39:48.426Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
}
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY", //此节点成为主节点
"uptime" : 1371,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},....................
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY", //此节点为从节点
"uptime" : 18,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},...................
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY", //此节点为从节点
"uptime" : 18,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537025984, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
添加节点
true:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.195.137:27020")
true:PRIMARY> rs.status()
..............
{
"_id" : 3,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27020",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 8,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537026818, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537026818, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},.................
删除节点
true:PRIMARY> rs.remove("192.168.195.137:27020")
模拟故障自动转移切换
[root@localhost ~]# mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf --shutdown //关闭主节点服务
killing process with pid: 93576
[root@localhost ~]# mongo --port 27018 //进入其中一个从节点
MongoDB shell version v3.6.7
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27018/
MongoDB server version: 3.6.7true:PRIMARY> rs.status() //查看复制集信息
..............
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27017", //原来的主节点健康值为0
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},.................
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY", //此节点切换成主节点
"uptime" : 2657,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027275, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},................
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1312,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027275, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027275, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(2)
},
手动进行主从切换
[root@localhost ~]# mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf #开启刚才关闭的端口为27017的节点实例
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 94723
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost ~]# mongo --port 27018 #进入主节点服务器实例
MongoDB shell version v3.6.7
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27018/
MongoDB server version: 3.6.7
true:PRIMARY> rs.freeze(30) //暂停30s不参与选举
true:PRIMARY> rs.stepDown(60.30) //交出主节点位置,维持从节点状态不少于60秒,等待30秒使主节点和从节点日志同步
true:SECONDARY> rs.status() //可以看到本实例已经切换成从节点
................
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27017", // 端口27017的节点变成了主节点
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 167,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027620, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(3)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027620, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(3)
},..................
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27018", // 端口27018的节点变成了从节点"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 2997,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027620, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(3)
},...................
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.195.137:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1651,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027620, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(3)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1537027620, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(3)
},
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